XtraDB存储引擎是percona公司对于innodb存储引擎进行改进加强后的产品，第一个版本为1.0.2-1，发布于2008年底。XtraDB兼容innodb的所有特性，并且在IO性能，锁性能，内存管理等多个方面进行了增强。
下载MySQL源代码，当前最新的5.1版本为5.1.40
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.1.html#source
下载XtraDB源代码，当前最新的版本为1.0.4-8
http://launchpad.net/percona-xtradb/release-8/1.0.4-8/+download/percona-xtradb-1.0.4-8.tar.gz
解压MySQL
tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.40.tar.gz解压XtraDB
tar -zxvf percona-xtradb-1.0.4-8.tar.gz将MySQL原来的innodb源码删除或者重命名
cd mysql-5.1.40/storage
mv innobase innobase_bak将XtraDB拷贝为innobase
cp -r ../../percona-xtradb-1.0.4-8 innobase/重新编译安装MySQL
cd ../
./configure --prefix=/home/mysql/mysql --with-extra-charsets=all
--enable-assembler --enable-profiling --enable-community-features
--with-plugins=max --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-plugins=all
make && make install安装完成后，就可以按照普通的MySQL安装创建数据库流程执行相应操作即可。XtraDB实际上是基于innodb plugin的代码修改而来，所以以上安装过程和innodb plugin的安装一致。
root@information_schema 04:19:48>show plugins;
+--------------------------------+----------+--------------------+---------+---------+
| Name | Status | Type | Library | License |
+--------------------------------+----------+--------------------+---------+---------+
| binlog | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| partition | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| ARCHIVE | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| BLACKHOLE | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| CSV | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| FEDERATED | DISABLED | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| MEMORY | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| InnoDB | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_RSEG | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_PAGES | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_PAGES_INDEX | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_PAGES_BLOB | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_TRX | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_LOCKS | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_LOCK_WAITS | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_CMP | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_CMP_RESET | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_CMPMEM | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_TABLE_STATS | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| INNODB_INDEX_STATS | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| XTRADB_ENHANCEMENTS | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL | GPL |
| MyISAM | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| MRG_MYISAM | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| ndbcluster | DISABLED | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
+--------------------------------+----------+--------------------+---------+---------+这里显示的innodb其实已经是XtraDB引擎了。可以简单看一下XtraDB引擎的特性来验证，例如XtraDB在information_schema中引入了xtradb_enhancements来记录其相对于innodb的增强特性。
root@information_schema 04:18:02>desc information_schema.xtradb_enhancements;
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| description | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| comment | varchar(100) | NO | | | |
| link | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
root@information_schema 04:19:45>select * from information_schema.xtradb_enhancements\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
name: xtradb_show_enhancements
description: I_S.XTRADB_ENHANCEMENTS
comment:
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 2. row ***************************
name: innodb_show_status
description: Improvements to SHOW INNODB STATUS
comment: Memory information and lock info fixes
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 3. row ***************************
name: innodb_io
description: Improvements to InnoDB IO
comment:
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 4. row ***************************
name: innodb_opt_lru_count
description: Fix of buffer_pool mutex
comment: Decreases contention on buffer_pool mutex on LRU operations
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 5. row ***************************
name: innodb_buffer_pool_pages
description: Information of buffer pool content
comment:
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 6. row ***************************
name: innodb_expand_undo_slots
description: expandable maximum number of undo slots
comment: from 1024 (default) to about 4000
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 7. row ***************************
name: innodb_extra_rseg
description: allow to create extra rollback segments
comment: When create new db, the new parameter allows to create more rollback segments
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 8. row ***************************
name: innodb_overwrite_relay_log_info
description: overwrite relay-log.info when slave recovery
comment: Building as plugin, it is not used.
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb:innodb_overwrite_relay_log_info
*************************** 9. row ***************************
name: innodb_thread_concurrency_timer_based
description: use InnoDB timer based concurrency throttling (backport from MySQL 5.4.0)
comment:
link:
*************************** 10. row ***************************
name: innodb_expand_import
description: convert .ibd file automatically when import tablespace
comment: the files are generated by xtrabackup export mode.
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 11. row ***************************
name: innodb_dict_size_limit
description: Limit dictionary cache size
comment: Variable innodb_dict_size_limit in bytes
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 12. row ***************************
name: innodb_split_buf_pool_mutex
description: More fix of buffer_pool mutex
comment: Spliting buf_pool_mutex and optimizing based on innodb_opt_lru_count
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 13. row ***************************
name: innodb_stats
description: Additional features about InnoDB statistics/optimizer
comment:
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 14. row ***************************
name: innodb_recovery_patches
description: Bugfixes and adjustments about recovery process
comment:
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
*************************** 15. row ***************************
name: innodb_purge_thread
description: Enable to use purge devoted thread
comment:
link: http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtradb
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)可以看到引入了很多新的innodb控制参数，允许用户对xtradb引擎的工作方式做更多的控制
root@information_schema 04:22:01>show variables like '%innodb%';
+---------------------------------------+------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------------+------------------------+
| have_innodb | YES |
| ignore_builtin_innodb | OFF |
| innodb_adaptive_checkpoint | none |
| innodb_adaptive_flushing | ON |
| innodb_adaptive_hash_index | ON |
| innodb_additional_mem_pool_size | 8388608 |
| innodb_autoextend_increment | 8 |
| innodb_autoinc_lock_mode | 1 |
| innodb_buffer_pool_size | 134217728 |
| innodb_change_buffering | inserts |
| innodb_checksums | ON |
| innodb_commit_concurrency | 0 |
| innodb_concurrency_tickets | 500 |
| innodb_data_file_path | ibdata1:10M:autoextend |
| innodb_data_home_dir | |
| innodb_dict_size_limit | 0 |
| innodb_doublewrite | ON |
| innodb_enable_unsafe_group_commit | 0 |
| innodb_expand_import | 0 |
| innodb_extra_rsegments | 0 |
| innodb_extra_undoslots | OFF |
| innodb_fast_recovery | OFF |
| innodb_fast_shutdown | 1 |
| innodb_file_format | Antelope |
| innodb_file_format_check | Antelope |
| innodb_file_io_threads | 4 |
| innodb_file_per_table | OFF |
| innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit | 1 |
| innodb_flush_method | |
| innodb_flush_neighbor_pages | 1 |
| innodb_force_recovery | 0 |
| innodb_ibuf_accel_rate | 100 |
| innodb_ibuf_active_contract | 0 |
| innodb_ibuf_max_size | 67092480 |
| innodb_io_capacity | 200 |
| innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50 |
| innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog | OFF |
| innodb_log_buffer_size | 8388608 |
| innodb_log_file_size | 5242880 |
| innodb_log_files_in_group | 2 |
| innodb_log_group_home_dir | ./ |
| innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct | 75 |
| innodb_max_purge_lag | 0 |
| innodb_mirrored_log_groups | 1 |
| innodb_open_files | 300 |
| innodb_overwrite_relay_log_info | OFF |
| innodb_read_ahead | linear |
| innodb_read_ahead_threshold | 56 |
| innodb_read_io_threads | 4 |
| innodb_replication_delay | 0 |
| innodb_rollback_on_timeout | OFF |
| innodb_show_locks_held | 10 |
| innodb_show_verbose_locks | 0 |
| innodb_spin_wait_delay | 6 |
| innodb_stats_auto_update | 1 |
| innodb_stats_method | nulls_equal |
| innodb_stats_on_metadata | ON |
| innodb_stats_sample_pages | 8 |
| innodb_stats_update_need_lock | 1 |
| innodb_strict_mode | OFF |
| innodb_support_xa | ON |
| innodb_sync_spin_loops | 30 |
| innodb_table_locks | ON |
| innodb_thread_concurrency | 0 |
| innodb_thread_concurrency_timer_based | OFF |
| innodb_thread_sleep_delay | 10000 |
| innodb_use_purge_thread | OFF |
| innodb_use_sys_malloc | ON |
| innodb_version | 1.0.4-7 |
| innodb_write_io_threads | 4 |
+---------------------------------------+------------------------+
70 rows in set (0.00 sec)对比一下原版的5.1.40，innodb相关参数只有37个，整整多了33个参数。
mysql> show variables like '%innodb%';
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+
| have_innodb | YES |
| ignore_builtin_innodb | OFF |
| innodb_adaptive_hash_index | ON |
| innodb_additional_mem_pool_size | 1048576 |
| innodb_autoextend_increment | 8 |
| innodb_autoinc_lock_mode | 1 |
| innodb_buffer_pool_size | 8388608 |
| innodb_checksums | ON |
| innodb_commit_concurrency | 0 |
| innodb_concurrency_tickets | 500 |
| innodb_data_file_path | ibdata1:10M:autoextend |
| innodb_data_home_dir | |
| innodb_doublewrite | ON |
| innodb_fast_shutdown | 1 |
| innodb_file_io_threads | 4 |
| innodb_file_per_table | OFF |
| innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit | 1 |
| innodb_flush_method | |
| innodb_force_recovery | 0 |
| innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50 |
| innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog | OFF |
| innodb_log_buffer_size | 1048576 |
| innodb_log_file_size | 5242880 |
| innodb_log_files_in_group | 2 |
| innodb_log_group_home_dir | ./ |
| innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct | 90 |
| innodb_max_purge_lag | 0 |
| innodb_mirrored_log_groups | 1 |
| innodb_open_files | 300 |
| innodb_rollback_on_timeout | OFF |
| innodb_stats_on_metadata | ON |
| innodb_support_xa | ON |
| innodb_sync_spin_loops | 20 |
| innodb_table_locks | ON |
| innodb_thread_concurrency | 8 |
| innodb_thread_sleep_delay | 10000 |
| innodb_use_legacy_cardinality_algorithm | ON |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+
37 rows in set (0.00 sec)