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SMON: recover undo segment 与 事务恢复

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    在一些系统异常之后,尤其是异常Down机之后,数据库里可能会看到类似如下的提示信息:

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 23

    SMON: mark undo segment 23 as available

    这些信息意味着,数据库需要这些回滚段的信息去恢复一些未完成事务,多数情况下,这些事务都能够得到恢复,但是如果不幸,在异常宕机时丢失了部分Write操作,则可能无法完成恢复,出现灾难。

    以下一段日志来自生产数据库的日志恢复:

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 23

    SMON: mark undo segment 23 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 24

    SMON: mark undo segment 24 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 25

    Dead transaction 0x0019.01b.00009fc7 recovered by SMON

    SMON: mark undo segment 25 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 26

    SMON: mark undo segment 26 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 27

    SMON: mark undo segment 27 as available

    在这些日志中可以看到,Oracle在恢复一个死事务,0x0019.01b.00009fc7,这个事务使用的回滚段是0x19号,也就是25号回滚段,可以看到在随后的日志中,Oracle启用25号回滚段。

    这就是由事务恢复引发的回滚段操作,以下日志可以作为类似的参考:

    Dead transaction 0x0044.010.00007746 recovered by SMON

    SMON: mark undo segment 68 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 69

    SMON: mark undo segment 69 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 70

    SMON: mark undo segment 70 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 71

    SMON: mark undo segment 71 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 72

    SMON: mark undo segment 72 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 75

    SMON: mark undo segment 75 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 76

    SMON: mark undo segment 76 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 77

    SMON: mark undo segment 77 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 78

    SMON: mark undo segment 78 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 79

    Dead transaction 0x004f.00e.00005d5e recovered by SMON

    SMON: mark undo segment 79 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 81

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 120

    SMON: mark undo segment 120 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 122

    Dead transaction 0x009a.006.00003056 recovered by SMON

    SMON: mark undo segment 154 as available

    SMON: about to recover undo segment 156

    SMON: mark undo segment 156 as available

    某些恢复可能需要很长的时间,在此期间的一些异常可能导致SMON Crash,进而数据库Instance崩溃。

    Oracle的一些内部事件允许设置debug_mode,以便允许在AUM模式下,手工进行回滚段的处理:

    alert session set "_smu_debug_mode"=4;

    alert rollback segment "_SYSSMU10$" ONLINE;

    了解这些手段,但是需要谨慎使用,特别是当你决定DROP某个回滚段时。

    设置10513事件,可以阻止SMON在启动数据库后执行恢复,这可以给我们一些诊断时间,在参数文件中如下设置:

    event   = 10513 trace name context forever,level 2

    总之,和UNDO相关的操作极度危险,在一些金融领域,任何一个丢失的事务都可能成为灾难,所以了解任何一个动作及其可能带来的影响是对我们的重大考验

    判断永远比操作更重要!

建议继续学习:

  1. 处理smon清理临时段导致数据库异常案例    (阅读:2728)
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