网络测量的工具有很多，netperf什么的都很不错。 我这里推荐了qperf，这是RHEL 6发行版里面自带的，所以使用起来很方便，只要简单的:

    yum install qperf

    就好。

    我们看下man qperf的介绍：

    qperf measures bandwidth and latency between two nodes. It can work over TCP/IP as well as the RDMA transports. On one of the nodes, qperf is typically run with no arguments designating it the server node. One may then run qperf on a client node to obtain measurements such as bandwidth, latency and cpu utilization.

     In its most basic form, qperf is run on one node in server mode by invoking it with no arguments. On the other node, it is run with two arguments: the name of the server node followed by the name of the test. A list of tests can be found in the section, TESTS. A variety of options may also be specified.

    使用起来也相当简单：

    在其中一台机器上运行qperf,不带任何参数就好，这台机器就充当服务器角色：

$ uname -r
2.6.32-131.21.1.tb477.el6.x86_64
$ qperf

    在另外一台机器上运行qperf，测量tcp的带宽和延时，顺便看下双方机器的配置情况：

$ qperf 10.232.64.yyy tcp_bw tcp_lat conf
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  118 MB/sec
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  31.9 us
conf:
    loc_node   =  xxx.sqa.cm4
    loc_cpu    =  16 Cores: Intel Xeon  L5630 @ 2.13GHz
    loc_os     =  Linux 2.6.32-131.21.1.tb477.el6.x86_64
    loc_qperf  =  0.4.6
    rem_node   =  yyy.sqa.cm4
    rem_cpu    =  16 Cores: Intel Xeon  L5630 @ 2.13GHz
    rem_os     =  Linux 2.6.32-131.21.1.tb477.el6.x86_64
    rem_qperf  =  0.4.6

    是不是很方便？典型情况下我们的带宽是118M，延迟是32us, 在标准的千M环境下是符合预期的。

    当然qperf有很多高级参数，可以设置socket buffer的大小，绑定CPU亲缘性等， 很赞的一个特性是可以通过持续改变某个重要参数的值，来观察临界点：

    -oo, -loop Var:Init:Last:Incr

     Run a test multiple times sequencing through a series of values. Var is the loop variable;

     Init is the initial value; Last is the value it must not exceed and Incr is the increment. It

     is useful to set the -verbose_used (-vu) option in conjunction with this option.

    比如我们可以透过改变消息的大小(msg_size)，比如从1个字节到64K，每次倍增的方式，来观察带宽和延迟的变化情况，演示下：

$ qperf -oo msg_size:1:64K:*2  10.232.64.yyy tcp_bw tcp_lat
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  2.43 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  4.69 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  9.12 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  18.5 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  33.1 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  61.4 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  114 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  118 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  113 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  114 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  114 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  118 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  117 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  118 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  118 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  117 MB/sec
tcp_bw:
    bw  =  117 MB/sec
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  31 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  31.1 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  31.1 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  31.4 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  30.8 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  32.1 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  32.6 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  33.3 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  35.5 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  38.6 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  50.1 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  69.6 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  88 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  128 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  209 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  365 us
tcp_lat:
    latency  =  650 us

    我们可以看到当包的大小达到64字节的时候，带宽就上不去了；包到达1K的时候，延迟有了很大的变化。 这些临界点对我们的服务器编程时候对性能的估计和预期非常有帮助。

    qperf除了测量tcp的，还可以测试rdma, udp, sctp等主流网络协议的带宽和延迟，算是个很新的工具，推荐大家使用。

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